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Descripción: “...I would like to initiate this document by making a brief description of the term Biotechnology, hoping to not hurt the feelings of many other professionals better versed than I, on the details of this science, as the application of traditional and/or scientific knowledge to manipulate microorganisms, cells or even higher organisms, directed to supply goods and services to the daily growing human population. With almost 30-year-old, biotechnology, driven by the ability to transplant a gene from one organism into another to introduce novel functionality in the receiving organism, has evolved to repro- gram cellular behavior or incorporate increasingly com- plex biosynthetic pathways (to produce novel metabolic products or to achieve greater system integration) or genetic regulatory constructs (to modulate the activity of recombinant genes in space and time) (Bhalerao, 2009). ...”

Descripción: “...Titulo en ingles:  Emerging viral diseases in Latin-American dairy cattletitulo en portugues:  Enfermidades virais emergentes em bovinos leiteiros na América LatinaResumen:  El propósito de este artículo es la actualización sobre algunas enfermedades virales de más reciente descubrimiento o nuevas variantes virales que afectan la producción de ganado de leche con especial referencia a América Latina La alta demanda de leche y sus derivados por una población humana, en constante crecimiento, podría ocasionar a corto plazo un desabastecimiento, incrementando los índices de desnutrición humana en muchos países Se requiere entonces, avanzar en los aspectos epidemiológicos, de diagnóstico y control de estas enfermedades con el objeto de limitar las pérdidas económicas ocasionadas a la industria láctea.Palabras clave: América latina, ganado lechero, enfermedades emergentesAbstract:  This paper was aimed at updating readers regarding some recently discovered viral diseases or new viral variants affecting dairy-cattle production, with special reference to Latin-America A growing human population’s high demand for milk and its derivatives around the world may lead to as hort-term shortage, thereby increasing human malnutrition indices in many countries Progress must thus be made in epidemiology, diagnosis and monitoring to limit the dairy industry’s financial losses caused by these diseases.Key words: Latin-America, dairy cattle, emerging diseaseResumo:  O propósito do artigo é a atualização sobre algumas doenças virais de recente descoberta ou novas variantes virais que afetam a produção de gado leiteiro com especial referência na América Latina A alta procura do leite e, seus derivados pela população humana em constante crescimento poderiam ocasionar no curto prazo desabastecimento, incrementando os índices de desnutrição humana em muitos países Requer-se então avançar nos aspectos epidemiológicos, de diagnostico e controle destas doenças com o objetivo de limitar as perdas econômicas ocasionada na indústria láctea.Palavras-chave: América latina, gado leiteiro, doenças emergentes ...”